But while jet travelers of today may encounter the occasional bumpy landing, Gagarin endured about 8 G forces (8 times the force of gravity at the Earth's surface) when Vostok I reentered Earth's atmosphere. Soviet documents released in the late 1980s suggest that Gagarin did not remain in his seat with his seat belt fastened until the capsule came to a complete stop. Instead he bailed out of the capsule and parachuted to Earth from an altitude of about 6 km (4 mi).
Gagarin died in 1968, during a routine test of his flying skills, a little over a year before Neil Armstrong became the first man to visit the moon.
Both Gagarin and Armstrong owe a lot to a dog named Laika, who was the first space traveler--and a female, to boot. That said, Laika did get a band named after her.
For convenience: This category could have so many winners.
Would it be the ear thermometer, which has spared parents and small children the humiliation of other avenues of temperature-taking? Or indoor plumbing, for which we owe a debt of gratitude to the Greeks? What about the ATM card, which gives us access to our money even if it's not convenient for bankers?
For versatility's sake, though, I'm going to go with the telephone. It's small, it doesn't pollute, and it helps for everything from business to personal tasks. As nice as letters are, the phone is a lot quicker--and sometimes this speed is really important.
Can you imagine writing a letter to the fire department? "Please come quickly--my husband seems to be choking on a piece of steak."
For this, Alexander Graham Bell, at long last, deserves an award. He couldn't have predicted the telemarketers, after all.
For art & culture: All that extra time that various conveniences have given us must be spent somehow.
And, it seems, many of us choose to spend it in front of the TV. Despite the bad rap that television gets, it has transformed our culture. It's made us aware of injustice in other parts of the world. It's inspired us to come to the aid of the starving in Somalia, and it's shown us, first-hand, the consequences of war. And, there are some really good shows on TV.